FX
CURIO
Knowledge Base

Regulation & Taxes

Rules of the game: regulators, leverage caps, investor protection and how trading profits are taxed.

Beginner7 min read

Who Regulates Retail Trading?

A map of the major regulators overseeing forex, CFD, and futures brokers, and why the difference matters to your money.

Intermediate6 min read

Leverage Caps and ESMA Rules

Why EU retail traders can no longer get 1:500 leverage, and how professional client status changes the picture.

Intermediate6 min read

Investor Protection and Negative Balance Protection

What happens to your money if a broker goes bankrupt — and why negative balance protection matters more than most traders realize.

Intermediate7 min read

Offshore Brokers and Jurisdiction Risk

High leverage and no verification sound convenient — until something goes wrong and there's no regulator to call.

Beginner6 min read

KYC, AML, and Account Verification

Why brokers ask for your passport and utility bill, and what happens behind the scenes when they review it.

Intermediate8 min read

Trading Taxes in Germany: The Basics

How Abgeltungsteuer, the Verlustverrechnungstopf, and loss offsetting limits generally work for German retail traders.

Intermediate7 min read

Trading Taxes in Austria: The Basics

How Austria's KESt withholding tax on capital gains generally applies to retail traders, and where it gets more complicated.

Intermediate8 min read

Trading Taxes in Switzerland: The Basics

Switzerland's private-capital-gains exemption is famous — but the professional trader classification can eliminate it entirely.

Intermediate7 min read

Trading Taxes in the UAE: The Basics

No personal income tax on trading gains sounds simple — until you factor in corporate tax, residency rules, and your home country's obligations.

Beginner7 min read

Record-Keeping and Tax Reporting for Traders

The habits that turn a chaotic tax season into a one-afternoon task, regardless of which country's rules you're subject to.